节目组: The World Says 世界说 节目名称: The differences between some words开头曲 ID J:Hello everybody, welcome to the world says from the VOE foreign language station, this is Jotta.V:And I'm Vincent.F:Hi dear audience, I'm your old friend, Francis.J: So today, we gonna talk about some words in English. 插曲1 ID F: OK. First, Could you please tell me the differences between 'say', 'speak', 'talk' and 'tell'?J: As we all know,动词 say 的意思是“说话”，而动词 tell 的意思是“告诉某人信息”。V: For example: Tell me about your holiday.J:And we can also say:“talk about your holiday”或“speak about your holiday”。F:所以在使用动词 tell 的时候，它后面紧跟的应该是“被告知信息的那一方”。V: Right. Such as: “I told you he would let you down.”And: “She told her mother she passed all her exams.”J: 大家需要记住的是：you say something TO someone, but you tell someone something。V:不过在日常生活中，说“She told her mother she passed all her exams”要比“She said to her mother she passed all her exams”更自然。J:So here, Francis ,I have a question for you.我说两句话，你听听哪句话对。F: Okay, I’m listening.J: One is” She said hello to her mother.”The other one is that.“She told her mother hello.”F: Um…I choose first one.J: Exactly. 因为与人打招呼是我们用行动“表达、表述”的事情，所以不能用“tell ”而应该是“say hello”。F: I get it. 那say和tell还有其他的用法吗？J: Yeah. Here is a sentence:“The teacher told me to write an essay on birds.”V:在这里tell就表示命令和吩咐。J: The next. “I can tell if she’s pleased.” “How do you tell if a cake is ready?”V: In here the word “tell” means discern or comprehend.J: 动词 say 也同样有一些不显为人知的意思，比如，say 可以表达“认为或相信”。Could you give us some examples, Vincent?V: Sure. “I say we should move to the countryside this year.”“They say it’s best to get eight hours sleep.”F:So what is the difference between talk and speak?J:我先给你两句话，你体会一下。We need to sit down and talk about this. The second one is ‘We need to sit down and speak about this’. F: 我觉得speak 用在上面的这个语境中比 talk about 显得更严肃些。V:You are right, Francis. In this sentence: I need to speak to Michael about his timekeeping.这里用“speak to”暗示说话人对Michael的不守时行为不满意，并会对这个行为做出批评。J:Since you know a lot about these words .你知道talk 也可以做名词来使用么?V: Of course. say 也可以作为名词呢。F: Oh please do give me some examples, Vincent.V: OK.OK. “I gave a talk about the US economy. ”“I want to have my say on this.”意思是：我想在这件事上发表自己的意见。J:我来补充一个。“The boss always has the final say.” Final say means final decision.F: 我还有个问题。Career、occupation、vocation 和 job 这四个词都和“工作”有关，那么咱们应该怎么准确、恰当地使用它们呢？V: 首先我来给你说一段一位名叫 Smith 的房地产经纪人介绍自己的工作时的话。I’m an estate agent. It’s a good job. But it’s not my vocation. I really want to be a personal trainer. I love working out and teaching people. I know, I badly need to change careers. Francis,你听到了哪几个单词？F: Smith 先说他是一个 estate agent 房地产经纪人，接着说“It’s a good job. 这个工作挺好的”。J: 这里用了单词 job – job 是最常见的，使用最广泛的表示“工作，职业”的单词。F: 他又说“but it’s not my vocation”，这句话实际表达的意思是“我不觉得这是真正适合我的职业”。J: 我们常用 vocation 来突出强调一个真正能给我们带来使命感的、又很适合我们的职业。F: And he said, he loves working out and teaching people. He knows, he badly need to change careers.V:“Estate agent 房地产经纪人”and “personal trainer 私人教练”are not just different jobs，they are different careers，所以 Smith 最后说“I badly need to change careers.”F:Now I have learnt job、vocation and career. So how about “occupation”?J: 通常 occupation 是表示“工作，职业”的一个正式用语。比如，在填写各类正式表格时，“职业”一栏相对应的英文名称就是“occupation”。在正式的上下文中我们也多用 occupation 这个词。V:名词 occupation 的动词形式是 occupy，意思是“使某人忙于做某事”，occupation 所指的“工作，职业”比单词“ job”所覆盖的面更广。举个例子来说，假如你的职业 occupation 是教师，就算你换了一个 job 工作 – 比如，到一个新学校去教书，可最终你的职业 occupation 没有变，还是教师。J:This is a good example, but ,Vincent, do you know “job” has other meanings? For example, It’s your job to tell him. I can’t do it for you.F:I know it means responsibility.V: 我知道“a job”的意思是“一个活儿，一件工作”。举个例子：I did a job for a newly married couple last month - they asked me to paint their bathroom red.意思是：上个月我接了一对新人的活儿，他们让我帮忙把卫生间刷成红色的。 结束语 J: So that’s all for today’s show.V:Hope you guys can enjoy our program .See you next time.F:感谢制作苏鑫。V:如果你喜欢我们的节目，请关注我们的微信公众号VOE Radio和VOE外语广播电台的新浪微博，那里有我们往期的作品All: Bye. 结束曲 ID 节目监制：周宸聿编辑：杨晏直 朱子业 夏茂航播音：杨晏直 朱子业 夏茂航制作：苏鑫